HPAI (NON-P) – High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza in Non-Poultry

This designation refers to HPAI infections occurring in birds that are NOT commercial poultry:

Captive Birds:

• Birds kept in zoos, aviaries, wildlife centers, or as pets
• Examples from report: Indian Peafowl, Muscovy Duck
• These are non-commercial birds under human care

Wild Birds:

• Free-living birds in natural habitats
• Examples from report: Mallard, Mute Swan, Common Crane, Grey Heron, Greylag Goose, Herring Gull, Eurasian buzzard, Whooper Swan, Common pheasant

Subtype Nomenclature

H5N1:

• H5 = Hemagglutinin protein type 5
• N1 = Neuraminidase protein type 1
• Full virus identification with both surface proteins characterized
• The most prevalent highly pathogenic strain globally

H5 (N untyped):

• Only hemagglutinin type identified (H5)
• Neuraminidase type not yet determined through laboratory testing
• Preliminary identification pending complete characterization

HPAI in Poultry (Inf. with):

Refers to infections in commercial poultry operations:

• Chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese raised for meat or eggs
• High impact on food security and international trade
• Triggers specific control measures including culling

Why These Classifications Matter:

1. Epidemiological Tracking: Wild birds serve as natural reservoirs and spread virus through migration routes
2. Risk Assessment: Different species require different control strategies
3. Trade Implications: HPAI in commercial poultry directly affects international trade regulations
4. Public Health Monitoring: Tracking which strains affect which species helps assess zoonotic (animal-to-human) transmission risk
5. Control Measures:
   • Commercial poultry can be culled and vaccinated
   • Wild birds require surveillance and monitoring
   • Captive birds need biosecurity measures

Geographic Distribution Highlights

ASF:

• Wild boar outbreaks (136) vastly outnumber domestic pig outbreaks (16)
• Germany had the most wild boar cases (25), Romania had most domestic pig cases (15)
• Concentrated in Eastern and Central Europe

HPAI:

• Germany dominated with 462 wild bird outbreaks and 26 poultry outbreaks
• Wild bird outbreaks (581) significantly exceeded poultry outbreaks (51)
• Widespread across Europe, indicating active transmission

Data Source: ADIS (Animal Disease Information System) Weekly Notification Created: November 14, 2025