{"id":23722,"date":"2018-11-12T13:29:14","date_gmt":"2018-11-12T12:29:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/diarrhoea-egg-powder-to-the-rescue\/"},"modified":"2023-06-09T08:51:20","modified_gmt":"2023-06-09T06:51:20","slug":"diarrhoea-egg-powder-to-the-rescue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/us\/diarrhoea-egg-powder-to-the-rescue\/","title":{"rendered":"Diarrhea? Egg powder to the rescue"},"content":{"rendered":"

Another tool to reduce the use of antibiotics is the use of immunoglobulins from eggs.<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Trials showed that this product is effective to support a calf\u2019s start in life and also to offer support when challenged by various forms of diarrhoea.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The main cause for calf losses during the first two weeks of life is diarrhea. In general diarrhoea is characterised by more liquid being secreted than that being resorbed. However, diarrhoea is not a disease, but actually only a symptom. Diarrhea has a protective function for the animal, because the higher liquid volume in the gut increases motility and pathogens and toxins are excreted faster. Diarrhoea can occur for several reasons. It can be caused by incorrect nutrition, but also by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and protozoa.<\/p>\n

Bacteria in the gut
\n<\/strong>E. coli<\/em> belong to the normal gut flora of humans and animals and can be mainly found in the colon. Only a fraction of the serotypes causes diseases. The pathogenicity of E.coli<\/em> is linked to virulence factors. Decisive virulence factors are for example the fimbria used for the attachment to the gut wall and the bacteria\u2019s ability to produce toxins.<\/p>\n

Salmonella<\/em> in general plays a secondary role in calf diarrhea, however, salmonellosis in cattle is a notifiable disease. Disease due to Clostridia<\/em> is amongst the most expensive one in cattle farming globally. In herbivores, clostridia are part of the normal gastro-intestinal flora, only a few types can cause serious disease. In calves, Clostridium perfringens<\/em> occurs with the different types A, C, and D. Rotaviruses<\/em> are the most common viral pathogens causing diarrhoea in calves and lambs. They are mainly found at the age of 5 to 14 days. Coronaviruses<\/em> normally attack calves at the age of 5 to 21 days. Cryptosporidium parvum<\/em> is a protozoa and presumed to be the most common pathogen causing diarrhoea (prevalence up to more than 60 %) in calves.<\/p>\n

Undigested feed and incorrect use of antibiotics<\/strong>
\nPlant raw materials (mainly soy products) are partly used in milk replacers as protein sources. These products contain carbohydrates, that cannot be digested by calves which can lead to diarrhea. The transition from milk to milk replacer can also be a reason.<\/p>\n

An early application of tetracyclines and neomycin to young calves can lead to a change in the villi, malabsorption and therefore to slight diarrhoea. Longer therapies using high dosages of antibiotics can also lead to a bacterial superinfection of the gut. The problem is that in a disease situation, antibiotics are often used incorrectly. The use of antibiotics only makes sense when there is a bacterial diarrhea and not due to viruses, protozoa or poor feed management. To keep the use of antibiotics as low as possible, alternatives need to be considered.<\/p>\n

Egg powder to add immunoglobulins
\n<\/strong>In order to achieve optimal results in calf rearing two approaches are possible. Firstly, the prophylaxis approach. This is the method of choice as diarrhoea can mostly be prevented. Therefore, it is necessary to supply the calf with the best possible equipment. As antibodies are one crucial but limiting factor in the colostrum of the \u201cmodern\u201d cow, this gap needs to be minimised. \u00a0A study conducted in Germany in 2015 demonstrated that more than 50% of the new-born calves had a deficiency of immunoglobulins in the blood. Only 41% of the calves showed an adequate concentration of antibodies in the blood (>10 mg IgG\/ml blood serum). Immunoglobulins contained in hen eggs (IgY) can partly compensate for poor colostrum quality and serve as a care package for young animals. A trial was conducted with an egg powder product* on a dairy farm (800 cows) in Brandenburg, Germany. In total 39 new-born calves were observed until weaning (65th<\/sup> day of life). Before birth, the calves were already divided into control and trial group according to the lactation number of their mother cow. All calves were fed the same and received four litres of colostrum with \u2265 50 mg IgG \/ml on the first day of life.<\/p>\n

Control (n=20):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 no additional supplementation
\nTrial group (n=19):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 day 1 – 5: 100 g of the egg powder product per animal per day mixed into the colostrum or milk.<\/p>\n

It was shown that the calves in the trial group showed a significantly higher (13%) weaning weight (105.74 kg compared to 93.45 kg in the control group) and 18% \u00a0higher average daily gain (999 g compared to 848 g in the control group) (Figure 1 and Figure 2).<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Support during acute diarrhea
\n<\/strong>When diarrhea occurs, the calf has to be treated. So the second approach is to find the best and quickest solution. It is not always necessary to use antibiotics, as they do not work against virus or protozoa. Egg antibodies can be an answer when combined with electrolytes as the following trial shows. On a dairy farm (550 cows) in Germany a feeding trial with a product based on egg powder and electrolytes** was conducted from December 2017 to May 2018. Two groups of calves were used. Before birth the animals were allocated into the two groups according to the calving plan and were examined from day one until weaning (77th<\/sup> day of life). All calves suffering from diarrhea (38 in total, 17 in the control and 21 in the trial group) were treated as follows:<\/p>\n

Control (n=17): \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Application of electrolytes
\nTrial group (n=21):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 50 g of the egg powder<\/a> and electrolytes product twice daily, stirred into the milk replacer until diarrhea stopped.<\/p>\n

If the diarrhea did not stop or even got worse, the animals were treated with antibiotics. It was shown that in the control group the antibiotic treatment necessary was nearly twice as long as needed in the trial group (Figure 3). This means also that nearly twice the amount of antibiotics were used. This leads to the conclusion that calves in the trial group had an improved health status compared to calves in the control group. A further result from the improved health status was an increase in performance in the trial group (Figure 4).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The average daily weight gain of the trial group was 20% higher than in the control (600 vs. 500 g per day) leading to a significantly higher weaning weight (87.8 kg) than in the control (80.7\u00a0kg).<\/p>\n

By Dr. Inge Heinzl, Editor EW Nutrition<\/em>
\nPublished in Dairy Global<\/a> (Online and Printed), 10\/2018<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Another tool to reduce the use of antibiotics is the use of immunoglobulins from eggs. Trials showed that this product is effective to support a calf\u2019s start in life and also to offer support when challenged by various forms of diarrhoea. The main cause for calf losses during the first two weeks of life is…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":51945,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7919,7768,9113,7921,7922],"tags":[569,3550],"class_list":["post-23722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-calves-us","category-diarrhea-us","category-feed-immunoglobulins-us","category-rumen-health-us","category-ruminants-us","tag-e-coli-us","tag-salmonella-us"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDiarrhea? 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