{"id":90710,"date":"2022-02-03T15:04:03","date_gmt":"2022-02-03T14:04:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/?p=90710"},"modified":"2023-06-09T10:09:18","modified_gmt":"2023-06-09T08:09:18","slug":"calf-diarrhea-types-causes-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/en-uk\/calf-diarrhea-types-causes-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Calf diarrhea: types, causes, solutions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"intro\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>By <b>Dr. Inge Heinzl<\/b>, Editor, EW Nutrition<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Diarrhea causes a higher workload, increased costs for treatment, losses, and, of course, lower benefits for the farmer. But not all diarrheas are equal. How do they differ, where do differences come from, and what can you do to protect your animals?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-90676 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/calf-straw_lr.jpg\" alt=\"Animal Calf diarrhea: types, causes, solutions\" width=\"1701\" height=\"1129\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/calf-straw_lr.jpg 1701w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/calf-straw_lr-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/calf-straw_lr-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/calf-straw_lr-120x80.jpg 120w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/calf-straw_lr-36x24.jpg 36w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/calf-straw_lr-225x149.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/calf-straw_lr-80x53.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/calf-straw_lr-48x32.jpg 48w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/calf-straw_lr-64x42.jpg 64w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/calf-straw_lr-28x19.jpg 28w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/calf-straw_lr-812x539.jpg 812w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1701px) 100vw, 1701px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h1 aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Diarrhea\u00a0is a protective measure of the organism<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In general, diarrhea is characterized by more liquid being secreted than being resorbed. However, diarrhea is not a disease but only a symptom. Diarrhea has a protective function for the organism: the higher liquid volume in the gut increases motility, and pathogens and toxins are more readily excreted.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Diarrhea\u00a0can occur for several reasons. It can\u00a0result from\u00a0inadequate nutrition but\u00a0also\u00a0the reaction to an infection\u00a0by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses,\u00a0and protozoa.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Where\u00a0does\u00a0the fluid\u00a0come from?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Depending on how the accumulation of fluid in the gut is generated, there are different\u00a0kinds of\u00a0diarrhea:\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"-\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In\u00a0the\u00a0case of\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">secretory\u00a0diarrhea,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">as the name says, the<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0fluid accumulation<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> comes from an increased secretion into the gut caused by toxins activating enzyme<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">systems.\u00a0The gut mucosa\u00a0can no longer\u00a0resorb this higher amount of liquid.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:142,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:142}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"-\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When the animals suffer from\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">malabsorptive\u00a0diarrhea\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">due to destroyed\u00a0enterocytes and\u00a0shortened\u00a0villi, the\u00a0enzyme activity and absorption capacity\u00a0are reduced.\u00a0Less liquid\u00a0can be absorbed and has to be excreted via the gut.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:142,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:142}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"-\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0inflammatory\u00a0diarrhea\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">occurs<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> the gut mucosa is damaged. Higher amounts of mucus, protein, and blood are released into the gut lumen.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:142,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:142}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Due to multiple infections,\u00a0diarrhea\u00a0often is\u00a0a mixture of different forms.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Multiple causes can be responsible<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For the\u00a0occurrence of\u00a0diarrhea, different causers can be a possibility. Besides infectious pathogens, also the feed must be considered.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li aria-level=\"2\">\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Bacteria often produce toxins<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>E. coli<\/em> <span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.02em; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 17px;\" data-contrast=\"auto\">is a common agent of the gut microflora and in general it is harmless. However, <\/span><em>E. coli<\/em><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.02em; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 17px;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"> can also be the cause of different types of diarrhea, depending on the virulence factors. Virulence factors of <\/span><em>E.coli<\/em><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.02em; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 17px;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"> are, e.g., fimbria for the attachment to intestinal receptors or the ability to produce toxins influencing the secretion of ions and liquids. Example: enterotoxic\u00a0<\/span><em>E. coli<\/em><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.02em; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 17px;\" data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(ETEC) F5 and F41\u00a0occurring\u00a0during the\u00a0first days of life.<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.02em; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 17px;\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In general,\u00a0<em>Salmonella\u00a0<\/em>plays\u00a0a secondary role in calf\u00a0diarrhea.\u00a0Of the\u00a0<em>Salmonella serovars<\/em>, mainly\u00a0<em>S.\u00a0Typhimurium<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>S.\u00a0Dublin<\/em> are found in calves. <em>Salmonella<\/em> produces\u00a0enterotoxins that attack the\u00a0intestinal\u00a0wall.<\/p>\n<p><em>Clostridia <\/em>infections belong to the most expensive ones in cattle farming globally. In herbivores, <em>clostridia<\/em> are part of the normal flora of the <a href=\"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/en-uk\/a-complex-battlefield-mycotoxins-in-the-gastrointestinal-tract\/\">gastrointestinal tract<\/a>; only a few types can cause severe disease. In calves, the necrotizing toxin-producing <em>Clostridium perfringens<\/em> can lead to enterotoxaemia manifesting in acute bloody diarrhea.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li aria-level=\"2\">\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"none\">Viruses cause lesions in the gut<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Rotavirus,<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0which\u00a0occurs mainly\u00a0during\u00a0the\u00a05<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">th<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0-15<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">th<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> day of life, is the most common viral pathogen causing diarrhea in calves and lambs. If more enterocytes are destroyed than regenerated by the organism, the resorption surface in the gut decreases. With increasing age, animals develop immunity against this pathogen.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Coronavirus\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">usually attacks calves at the age of 5 \u2013 21 days (mainly correlated with the decreasing concentration of antibodies in maternal milk). They cause similar lesions in the intestine as rotavirus but additionally lead to necrosis of the crypts in the large intestine. The digestive and absorptive function is lost, resulting in reduced reabsorption of fluids. 3 to 20 % of diarrhea arising in calves is caused by Coronavirus. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li aria-level=\"2\">\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"none\">Protozoa can lead to malabsorptive diarrhea<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cryptosporidium\u00a0parvum<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (mainly 1-2 weeks after birth) belongs to the coccidia and is presumed to be the most common pathogen to cause diarrhea (prevalence up to more than 60 %) in calves. Cryptosporidium is transmitted via oocysts found in feces and on the farm equipment. Cryptosporidia destroy the microvilli in the gut, the function of the gut mucosa is reduced, the resorption area decreases. Consequence: loss of enzyme activity and, therefore, an insufficient breakdown of sugar and protein, resulting in malabsorption. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li aria-level=\"2\">\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"none\">Calves need their special feed<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In general, raw materials which cannot be well digested by the calf (mainly soya products, often used in milk replacers) or which cause allergy can cause diarrhea in calves. Also, antibiotics can lead to an imbalance of the intestinal flora, destruction of the villi, and malabsorptive diarrhea.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Trial shows promising results in the field<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A field study with the egg powder-based product <a href=\"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/en-uk\/animal-nutrition\/products\/globigen\/\">Globigen<\/a> Dia Stop was conducted with 16 calves suffering from diarrhea. They were fed twice daily 50 g of Globigen Dia Stop stirred into the milk replacer. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Result (fig. 1): already one day after the first application of Globigen Dia Stop, 50 % of the calves recovered. After seven days, all calves overcame diarrhea. On average, one calf needed 2,4 treatments to show a full recovery from diarrhea (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2259\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1,25 treatment days).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-90714 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gds-trial.png\" alt=\"Effect of egg powder based feed supplement in case of acute diarrhea \" width=\"634\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gds-trial.png 634w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gds-trial-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gds-trial-150x91.png 150w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gds-trial-120x73.png 120w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gds-trial-36x22.png 36w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gds-trial-225x137.png 225w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gds-trial-80x49.png 80w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gds-trial-48x29.png 48w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gds-trial-64x39.png 64w, https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gds-trial-28x17.png 28w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 634px) 100vw, 634px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Egg immunoglobulins support against\u00a0diarrhea<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/en-uk\/fewer-pathogens-egg-immunoglobulins\/\">Egg immunoglobulins<\/a> can effectively support calves in their fight against diarrhea. Immunoglobulins can act against bacteria, parasites, and viruses, not only against bacteria as antibiotics do. With egg immunoglobulin-based products, the farmer has a tool at his disposal that is easy to handle and does not require a withdrawal period. As there is no danger of the generation of resistance, these products are ideal for reducing the use of antibiotics in animal production.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><em>Article initially published in NutriNews<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Dr. Inge Heinzl, Editor, EW Nutrition Diarrhea causes a higher workload, increased costs for treatment, losses, and, of course, lower benefits for the farmer. But not all diarrheas are equal. How do they differ, where do differences come from, and what can you do to protect your animals?\u00a0 Diarrhea\u00a0is a protective measure of the&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":90656,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8751,8752,8025],"tags":[8753],"class_list":["post-90710","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-calves-en-uk","category-diarrhea-ruminants-en-uk","category-ruminants-en-uk","tag-globigen-en-uk"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.5 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Calf diarrhea: types, causes, solutions - EW Nutrition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What causes diarrhea in calves, what forms can it take, and what can you do to prevent this from becoming a health and productivity concern?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/en-uk\/calf-diarrhea-types-causes-solutions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Calf diarrhea: types, causes, solutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What causes diarrhea in calves, what forms can it take, and what can you do to prevent this from becoming a health and productivity concern?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/en-uk\/calf-diarrhea-types-causes-solutions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EW Nutrition\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-02-03T14:04:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-09T08:09:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ew-nutrition.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/calf-645334_1920_pixabay.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1288\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"EW Nutrition\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@EWNutritionGmbH\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@EWNutritionGmbH\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"EW Nutrition\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Calf diarrhea: types, causes, solutions - 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